1. Beneath the soil lies a layer of bedrock. 土壤下面有一层基岩。
2. Friction between the glacier and bedrock is reduced. 冰川和基岩之间的摩擦减少了。
3. Over time bedrock is attacked by rain, wind, frost, and snow. 随着时间的推移，基岩会受到雨、风、霜和雪的侵蚀。
4. When the glacier comes into contact with bedrock walls or is otherwise under some kind of stress, but can't deform quickly enough. 当冰川与基岩壁接触，或者在其它方面受到某种压力，但变形速度不够快时。
5. Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface. 当浮动冰架破裂时，对海平面的影响很小；而与之不同的是，固定在基岩上的冰盖将会使海面炸毁。
