1. Collective farms (otherwise known as "kolkhoz") started to appear in the USSR since 1918. 1918年集体农庄就开始出现在苏联。
2. What was the reason for that - nobody knows; whether it was a war, a sprouting possibility to move to the biggest cities or a policy of kolkhoz sprawling, there is no exact answer. 至于什么原因,我们无从得知,是否因为一场战争,也可能移动到城市了,或者迁移到了巨大的集体农庄,没有人知道确切的答案。