1. The aphid colonies grow inside galls, abnormal outgrowths on plants. 蚜虫通常群居于植物虫瘿内（由于昆虫产卵寄生引起的异常发育部分）。
2. Root hairs are long tubular outgrowths that form on the surface of specialized epidermal cells. 根毛是植物特化的表皮细胞上的一些管状突起。
3. In the basidiomycete fungi, for example, the basidiospores are borne on the tips of the sterigmata, which are outgrowths of the basidium. 例如在担子菌中，担孢子产生于由担子生出的担孢子梗顶端。
4. Prickles are smaller than thorns: they are sharp outgrowths of the plant's outer layers, the skin-like epidermis, and the sub-epidermal layer just beneath it. 皮刺比刺要小了许多：它们是这些植物外层的附属物，看上去像皮肤的表皮，其下还有亚表皮层。
5. The device can be particularly used for exothermic reactions such as acid and alkali, nitration and reactions in which outgrowths can be produced without even heating. 因此特别适合于酸碱、硝化等剧烈放热反应以及在受热不匀状 态下易生成副产物的反应。
