2. Widows seem to experience more distress than widowers. 寡妇似乎比鳏夫感受更多痛苦。
3. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote that widows and widowers were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. 1858年，威廉·法尔（William Farr）首次发现了这一效应，他写道，寡妇和鳏夫的死亡风险比已婚同龄人高得多。
4. Wildberg master-widows were not untrained for, as Ogilvie notes elsewhere, wives and children worked with masters, their training may have been informal, but it existed nevertheless. 怀尔德伯格主妇并非没有受过训练，因为正如欧吉维在其他地方指出的那样，妻子和孩子与主人一起工作，他们的训练可能是非正式的，但它仍然存在。
5. Some were single, some married, some widows. 一些是单身，一些已婚，一些守寡。
